Transcranial brain stimulation: clinical applications and future directions

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Neurology
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Noninvasive brain stimulation is a key tool in cognitive neuroscience and neurophysiology.
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is effective for mapping causal brain-behavior relationships.
• Neuronavigated TMS offers precise functional anatomical information.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the methodological aspects of TMS-based mapping.
• To discuss the clinical applications of TMS-based mapping.
• To explore future directions in TMS-based mapping.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing neuronavigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
• Mapping motor and nonmotor cortical areas.
• Visualizing individual functional anatomy for surgical planning.

Main Results:

• TMS establishes causal brain-behavior relations.
• Neuronavigated TMS aids presurgical planning effectively.
• Reduces the need for invasive mapping procedures.

Conclusions:

• TMS is a valuable investigative and therapeutic tool.
• Neuronavigated TMS enhances surgical interventions.
• TMS-based mapping has significant potential in clinical neurology and psychiatry.