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The adhesion GPCRs; gene repertoire, phylogeny and evolution
Helgi B Schiöth1, Karl J V Nordström, Robert Fredriksson
1Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Box 593, 75 124 Uppsala, Sweden. helgis@bmc.uu.se
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 31, 2011
Summary
The Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family shows unique domain structures across species. Comparative genomics reveals evolutionary relationships and novel domains in primitive animals, suggesting an ancestral role.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary genomics
- Comparative transcriptomics
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research
Background:
- The Adhesion GPCR family is distinguished by its unique, multi-domain N-termini.
- Previous studies have explored Adhesion GPCR gene repertoires in various species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the Adhesion GPCR gene repertoire across diverse species.
- To investigate the evolutionary conservation and diversification of Adhesion GPCRs, including primitive organisms.
- To identify novel domains and potential ancestral relationships within the Adhesion GPCR family.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatic mining of Adhesion GPCR gene repertoires in mouse, rat, dog, chicken, Branchiostoma, and Nematostella.
- Ortholog identification and sequence identity analysis between human and other species' Adhesion GPCRs.
- Comparative analysis of N-terminal domain structures and transmembrane region similarities.
Main Results:
- One-to-one ortholog relationships exist between human and rodent Adhesion GPCRs, with exceptions like EMR2/EMR3.
- The dog genome contains all human Adhesion GPCRs plus five additional genes, showing higher sequence identity.
- Primitive species like Branchiostoma and Nematostella possess rich Adhesion GPCR repertoires with novel domains, indicating ancient origins and evolutionary plasticity.
Conclusions:
- The Adhesion GPCR family is ancient and has undergone significant diversification, evidenced by novel domains in early vertebrates and invertebrates.
- Comparative genomics highlights conserved and divergent evolutionary paths of Adhesion GPCRs across species.
- The Adhesion GPCR family is evolutionarily ancestral to the Secretin family of GPCRs.
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