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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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DISC1 is associated with cortical thickness and neural efficiency.

Stefan Brauns1, Randy L Gollub, Joshua L Roffman

  • 1MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, USA.

Neuroimage
|June 7, 2011
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Summary

Genetic variations in DISC1 impact brain structure and function. Specific DISC1 gene variants are linked to reduced cortical thickness and altered neural activity during working memory tasks in healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia, implicated in brain development.
  • Cortical thickness reductions are observed in schizophrenia patients.
  • This study examines the impact of DISC1 gene variation on cortical thickness and neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between DISC1 gene variants and cortical thickness in healthy volunteers.
  • To determine if DISC1 risk variants affect neural activity during working memory tasks.
  • To explore the neurodevelopmental implications of DISC1 in relation to schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data were acquired from 96 healthy volunteers.
  • Cortical thickness was analyzed across the entire surface in relation to five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DISC1.
  • Working memory-related neural activity was assessed using fMRI during the Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm.

Main Results:

  • Carriers of the DISC1 Leu607Phe risk variant showed reduced cortical thickness in the left supramarginal gyrus.
  • Increased neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during working memory tasks was observed in Phe allele carriers.
  • No significant differences in working memory performance were found between genotype groups.

Conclusions:

  • DISC1 risk variants are associated with reduced cortical thickness and neural inefficiency during working memory tasks.
  • These findings support a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.
  • The study provides evidence for DISC1's role in intermediate brain phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia.