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Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

Insole effects on impact loading during walking.

Mark W Creaby¹, Kirsty May, Kim L Bennell

¹Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Melbourne Physiotherapy School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. mark.creaby@acu.edu.au

|July 21, 2011

Summary

Shoe insoles can reduce impact forces during walking, potentially benefiting conditions like osteoarthritis. A flat material insole significantly lowered ground impact, while both tested insoles reduced knee impact.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

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Published on: September 14, 2017

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Published on: May 8, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Impact loading during walking is linked to musculoskeletal disorders like osteoarthritis.
Understanding how footwear affects impact forces is crucial for injury prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of two different shoe insole designs on impact-related loading during walking.
To compare the efficacy of a flat material insole and a heel-cup insole against no insole.

Main Methods:

Twenty-two healthy adults participated in the study.
Participants walked in three conditions: no insole, flat material insole, and heel-cup insole.
Impact forces were measured at the ground and estimated at the knee.

Main Results:

A significant reduction in peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) was observed with the flat material insole compared to no insole and heel-cup conditions (p = 0.001).
Peak impact force at the knee was significantly reduced with both flat material and heel-cup insoles (p < 0.05).
No significant differences were found in vGRF loading rate across conditions (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Shoe insole design influences the reduction of impact forces during walking.
Both tested insole designs demonstrated a potential to mitigate impact loading, particularly at the knee.
These findings suggest that shoe insoles may offer a beneficial intervention for musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis.