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Robotic systems in orthopaedic surgery.

J E Lang¹, S Mannava, A J Floyd

¹Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume

|October 5, 2011

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Robot-assisted surgery, particularly in orthopaedics, enhances precision in procedures like knee replacements. Tactile and passive systems improve component alignment and ligament balance, leading to better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

Robotics in Medicine
Orthopaedic Surgery
Surgical Technology

Background:

Robotic systems have been utilized in surgery since the late 1980s, with orthopaedics adopting the technology in 1992.
Early robotic systems showed promising short-term radiological outcomes compared to traditional methods.
Robotic systems in surgery are broadly categorized into autonomous and haptic (surgeon-guided) types, with passive systems emerging more recently.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution and classification of robotic systems in orthopaedic surgery.
To discuss the application, indications, contraindications, and limitations of robotic technologies in orthopaedics.
To highlight the impact of tactile and passive robotic systems on unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) outcomes.

Main Methods:

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Review of robotic system classifications: autonomous, haptic, and passive.
Analysis of the application of these systems in orthopaedic procedures, focusing on total hip and unicompartmental knee replacements.
Discussion of clinical and radiological outcomes associated with robot-assisted procedures.

Main Results:

Autonomous robotic systems have become less favored, while tactile systems with improvements are widely adopted.
Tactile and passive robotic systems in unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) improve component alignment accuracy and ligament balance.
Robot-assisted UKR demonstrates short-term improvements in clinical and radiological outcomes, increasing its popularity.

Conclusions:

Robot-assisted orthopaedic surgery, especially using tactile and passive systems, offers potential for improved surgical outcomes.
These technologies address historical failure mechanisms in traditional procedures like UKR.
Further consideration of indications, contraindications, and limitations is essential for optimal implementation.