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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Thoracic emergencies in immunocompromised patients.

Saleh Fares1, Furqan B Irfan

  • 1Emergency Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, PO Box 8313, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. sfares@bidmc.Harvard.edu

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and cancer, face serious thoracic emergencies. Emergency physicians must recognize atypical presentations and pathogens in these vulnerable individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies, are presenting to emergency departments.
  • Thoracic emergencies in this population are challenging due to atypical presentations, pathogens, and the patients' fragile health status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cardiovascular, pulmonary, and esophageal emergencies specific to immunocompromised patients in the emergency department setting.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of these critical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, prognosis, and management strategies.
  • Synthesis of current evidence and guidelines for emergency care of immunocompromised patients with thoracic emergencies.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of common and uncommon thoracic emergencies encountered in immunocompromised patients.
  • Highlighting the importance of considering atypical pathogens and disease manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in immunocompromised patients with thoracic emergencies.
  • A comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges posed by this patient group is essential for emergency physicians.