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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
The Mammary Glands01:12

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
09:36

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

Gynecomastia.

Gretchen Dickson1

  • 1University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214, USA. gdickson@kumc.edu

American Family Physician
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gynecomastia, the benign enlargement of male breast tissue, is common in newborns, adolescents, and older men. While often self-resolving, treatment can alleviate distress and discomfort when needed.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
09:36

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Published on: October 16, 2010

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
13:35

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Published on: May 17, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Men's Health
  • General Surgery

Background:

  • Gynecomastia is defined as the benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue in males.
  • Physiologic gynecomastia frequently occurs in newborns, adolescents, and elderly men.
  • While typically self-limiting, it can cause significant emotional distress and physical discomfort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, diagnosis, and management of gynecomastia.
  • To differentiate between physiologic and nonphysiologic causes.
  • To outline current treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gynecomastia.
  • Categorization of causes including endocrine, medication-induced, and neoplastic.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • Nonphysiologic gynecomastia can stem from chronic conditions (cirrhosis, hypogonadism, renal insufficiency), medications, supplements, illicit drugs, or tumors.
  • Identification and discontinuation of causative agents are primary treatment steps.
  • Underlying medical conditions require appropriate management.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment of gynecomastia should be timely and patient-centered.
  • Medications like estrogen receptor modulators and surgical interventions are options for specific cases.
  • Addressing the root cause is crucial for effective management.