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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals
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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Published on: November 22, 2021

Advanced electron microscopy for advanced materials.

Gustaaf Van Tendeloo1, Sara Bals, Sandra Van Aert

  • 1Electron Microscopy for Materials Research, University of Antwerp, Belgium. staf.vantendeloo@ua.ac.be

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced electron microscopy now offers atomic-scale insights into materials, including atom position and valency. This review highlights new 3D capabilities for analyzing nanoparticles and interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Electron microscopy has advanced significantly over the past decade.
  • It now serves as a comprehensive analytical tool for materials characterization.
  • Traditional electron microscopy provides 2D information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce advanced electron microscopy techniques to materials scientists.
  • To showcase the evolution of electron microscopy into a quantitative analytical tool.
  • To demonstrate new 3D analytical capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in electron microscopy.
  • Application of advanced electron microscopy techniques.
  • Analysis of atomic scale information (position, nature, valency).
  • 3D reconstruction and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Electron microscopy can now provide atomic-scale information on atom position, nature, and valency.
  • Advanced techniques enable the acquisition of this information in three dimensions (3D).
  • Demonstrated applications in the analysis of nanoparticles and interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced electron microscopy offers unprecedented atomic-scale analytical power.
  • The transition to 3D analysis opens new avenues for materials characterization.
  • These techniques are crucial for understanding complex material systems like nanoparticles and interfaces.