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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Reprogramming aging and progeria.

José M P Freije1, Carlos López-Otín

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|September 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organism aging is linked to tissue repair versus degeneration. Interventions targeting this balance, including stem cell reprogramming, show potential for reversing aging aspects and developing anti-aging therapies.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and regenerative medicine, focusing on molecular and cellular aging processes.

Background:

  • Aging rate is determined by the balance between tissue degeneration and repair.
  • Molecular changes favoring degeneration accelerate organismal aging.
  • Systemic factors significantly influence stem cell function during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore interventions that delay age-associated conditions by modulating tissue repair and degeneration.
  • To investigate the potential for reversing aging through stem cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular alterations affecting the tissue degeneration-repair balance.
  • Review of recent studies on stem cell biology in aging.
  • Examination of reprogramming techniques for aged and progeroid cells.

Main Results:

  • Identified molecular pathways that accelerate aging by promoting tissue degeneration.
  • Demonstrated that systemic factors impact stem cell functionality in aged organisms.
  • Showcased the feasibility of reprogramming aged and progeroid cells, indicating reversibility.

Conclusions:

  • Certain aspects of the aging process are reversible.
  • Reprogramming aged cells offers a promising avenue for anti-aging interventions.
  • Further research into anti-aging and anti-progeria strategies is warranted.