Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026
09:55
Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping
Published on: June 13, 2025
What can we learn from T2* maps of the cortex?
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, QC, Canada; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
Neuroimage
|January 30, 2013
Summary
This review explains how to reliably map T2* (T2 star) values in the human cortex, overcoming challenges like artifacts and complex anatomy. This technique can reveal details about brain structure and organization, aiding in Brodmann mapping.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Human Brain Anatomy
Background:
- T2* contrast in MRI can highlight cortical anatomical features.
- Understanding T2* signal in the cortex is complex due to myelin, iron, vasculature, and orientation.
- Acquiring reliable T2* data in the human cortex is challenging due to its geometry and artifacts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address challenges in T2* mapping within the human cortex.
- To provide practical steps for reliable T2* data acquisition and processing.
- To explore the utility of T2* cortical mapping, particularly for Brodmann mapping.
Main Methods:
- Review of T2* relaxation theory.
- Proposal of practical steps for T2* data acquisition and processing.
- Application of surface-based analysis for cortical T2* mapping.
Main Results:
- Detailed discussion of confounds affecting T2* measurements (myelin, iron, vessels, orientation).
- Methodological recommendations for improving T2* data reliability in cortical regions.
- Exploration of T2* mapping's potential for anatomical and cytoarchitectural studies.
Conclusions:
- Reliable T2* cortical mapping is achievable with careful acquisition and processing.
- T2* mapping offers valuable insights into cortical organization and cytoarchitecture.
- This technique holds promise for advancing Brodmann mapping and understanding brain structure.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...