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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Analysis of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance in C. elegans Using a Fluorescent Reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
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Fine-tuning evolution: germ-line epigenetics and inheritance.

Jessica M Stringer1, Sanna Barrand, Patrick Western

  • 1Germ Cell Development and Epigenetics Laboratory, Centre for Reproduction and Development, Monash Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
|May 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells is crucial for development. Errors in this process can lead to epimutations affecting progeny health and development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic information from parents is vital for embryonic and postnatal development.
  • Germ cells require a unique epigenetic program for totipotency and gamete formation.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells involves erasure and re-establishment of epigenetic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of epigenetic reprogramming in the germ-line.
  • To discuss the transmission of epigenetic information across generations.
  • To highlight the implications of errors in germ-line epigenetic reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on germ-line epigenetics.
  • Analysis of epigenetic reprogramming mechanisms in male and female germ cells.
  • Discussion of epimutation transmission and its consequences.

Main Results:

  • Germ cells undergo significant epigenetic erasure and re-establishment.
  • Parent-specific epigenetic states are critical for gamete function.
  • Errors in reprogramming can result in heritable epimutations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic reprogramming is essential for maintaining germ-line integrity and proper development.
  • Dysregulation of germ-line epigenetics can impact offspring health and disease.
  • Understanding these processes is key to preventing transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of disease.