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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation
09:10

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

Cochlear contributions to the precedence effect.

Sarah Verhulst1, Federica Bianchi, Torsten Dau

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. save@bu.edu

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory filters cause overlapping responses to closely spaced clicks, impacting perception. This study links these interactions, measured by otoacoustic emissions and brainstem responses, to the fused perception of click pairs.

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06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Normal-hearing individuals possess sharply tuned auditory filters, leading to basilar-membrane impulse responses (IRs) lasting several milliseconds.
  • Overlapping basilar-membrane impulse responses to closely spaced clicks create complex cochlear interactions.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for studying auditory localization and the precedence effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the perceptual consequences of basilar-membrane impulse response interactions in human listeners.
  • To investigate the relationship between physiological measures and behavioral perception of click interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Measured click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to assess lag suppression.
  • Investigated behavioral perception of fused images from lead-lag click pairs, presented monaurally and binaurally.
  • Correlated physiological lag suppression with perceptual fusion across various inter-click intervals (ICIs).

Main Results:

  • Lag suppression was observed in CEOAE and ABR wave-V amplitudes for inter-click intervals (ICIs) between 1 and 4 ms.
  • Lead-lag click pairs induced perceptual fusion, irrespective of monaural or binaural presentation.
  • The ICI range for perceptual fusion strongly correlated with the ICI range for monaural lag suppression (below 4.3 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral auditory system processing, up to the brainstem, significantly influences the perception of the precedence effect.
  • Lag suppression in otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses serves as a physiological correlate of perceptual fusion.
  • Binaural stimulation did not reveal additional lag suppression beyond that observed in monaural stimulation, highlighting peripheral dominance.