Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026
05:41
Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
Published on: February 9, 2024
Thyroid dysfunctions and sonographic characteristics in northern Turkey: a population-based study
Faruk Kutluturk1, Beytullah Yildirim, Banu Ozturk
1Faculty of Medicine, Endorcrinology and Metabolism, Gaziosmanpa University, Tokat, Turkey. fkutluturk@yahoo.com
Annals of Saudi Medicine
|June 25, 2013
Summary
Thyroid dysfunction and nodular goiter are prevalent public health issues in northern Turkey. Age significantly impacts thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, but cardiovascular risk factors do not show a significant correlation.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Thyroidology
Background:
- Investigates thyroid function and cardiovascular risk factors in northern Turkey's adult population.
- Examines sonographic characteristics of the thyroid gland in relation to thyroid function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid gland abnormalities.
- To explore the relationship between thyroid function and cardiovascular risk factors.
- To identify age as a potential influencing factor on thyroid function.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study conducted in 70 areas (urban and rural) in Tokat, Turkey.
- Inclusion of approximately 530,000 inhabitants aged 18 and above.
- Collection of demographic data, thyroid ultrasound findings, and blood samples for thyroid function tests and serum lipids.
Main Results:
- Prevalence rates: overt hypothyroidism (1.6%), overt hyperthyroidism (0.5%), subclinical hypothyroidism (2.7%), subclinical hyperthyroidism (4.9%).
- Thyroid abnormalities: nodular goiter (13.8%), multi-nodular goiter (32.1%), thyroid heterogeneity (15.6%).
- Age was significantly associated with serum TSH levels (P < .0001); no significant correlation found between cardiovascular risk factors and TSH levels.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid diseases, including dysfunction and nodular goiter, represent a significant public health concern in the studied region.
- The findings underscore the need for effective public health strategies to address thyroid diseases.
- Age is a significant factor influencing thyroid function, necessitating consideration in clinical assessments.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
01:27Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
01:23Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
01:17Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
01:24Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...