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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells, including...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Nucleophagy at a glance.

Dalibor Mijaljica1, Rodney J Devenish

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton campus, VIC 3800, Australia.

Journal of Cell Science
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes damaged nuclear material to promote cell longevity. This review compares different nucleophagy mechanisms across various organisms, highlighting their molecular details and links to human disease.

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Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes
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Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes
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Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes

Published on: May 19, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autophagy Research

Background:

  • Cellular health relies on removing damaged or unnecessary components.
  • Nucleophagy is a specialized autophagic process targeting nuclear material for degradation.
  • Understanding nucleophagy is key to cellular longevity and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare different modes of nucleophagy.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms and membrane dynamics involved in nucleophagy.
  • To explore the role of nucleophagy in various organisms and its connection to human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing literature on nucleophagy.
  • Emphasis on molecular mechanisms, membrane interactions, and degraded nuclear material.
  • Examination of nucleophagy in model organisms like yeast, fungi, and protozoa, as well as mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of similarities and differences between divergent nucleophagy pathways.
  • Detailed description of molecular players and membrane rearrangements in nucleophagy.
  • Overview of nucleophagy processes across a range of eukaryotic species.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleophagy is a conserved and vital process for maintaining cellular integrity.
  • Further research into nucleophagy mechanisms could reveal new therapeutic targets for human diseases.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of nucleophagy.