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Arterial ischemic stroke in children

Joseph J Gemmete1, Indran Davagnanam, Ahmed K Toma

  • 1Division of Interventional Neuroradiology and Cranial Base Surgery, Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery, and Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, UH B1D 328, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|October 26, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children, affecting 3.3 per 100,000 annually, has diverse causes. Diagnosis relies on advanced imaging, with various medical and surgical treatments available for pediatric AIS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant neurological event in children, with an incidence of 3.3 per 100,000 annually.
  • Understanding the etiology of pediatric AIS is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the primary causes of acute ischemic stroke in the pediatric population.
  • To highlight the diagnostic modalities and therapeutic strategies for pediatric AIS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of etiological categories for pediatric AIS: cardiac disease, sickle cell disease, moyamoya, arterial dissection, arteriopathies, and other causes.
  • Emphasis on the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiography in diagnosis.
  • Discussion of medical (anticoagulation, anti-inflammatories, antiplatelet) and interventional (surgical revascularization, endovascular) treatments.

Main Results:

  • Identified six main etiological categories for pediatric AIS, with 24% of cases remaining idiopathic.
  • MRI and cerebral angiography are key diagnostic tools for determining stroke cause.
  • Multiple treatment options exist, including medical therapies and surgical/endovascular interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric AIS is multifactorial, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
  • A range of treatment strategies, from medical management to advanced interventions, are available for managing AIS in children.

Keywords:
Acute ischemic stroke in childrenArterial dissectionCongenital heart diseaseHyperacute thrombolysisMoyamoyaSickle cell diseaseVasculitis

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