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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Encapsulation and release mechanisms in coordination polymer nanoparticles.

Laura Amorín-Ferré1, Félix Busqué, José Luis Bourdelande

  • 1Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C/n, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 935811265.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored how guest encapsulation affects drug delivery using metal-organic vehicles. Different loading methods into nanoparticles significantly altered drug release rates, enabling tunable therapeutic action windows.

Keywords:
drug deliveryfluorescencemetal-organic frameworksnanoparticlespolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials with applications in drug delivery.
  • Controlling drug release kinetics from nanocarriers is crucial for effective therapeutics.
  • Understanding guest encapsulation mechanisms is key to designing advanced drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of distinct guest encapsulation mechanisms on drug delivery kinetics.
  • To explore the use of coordination polymer nanoparticles for controlled release applications.
  • To demonstrate the tunability of drug release profiles by controlling nanoparticle loading methods.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two distinct molecular guests with coordinating and non-coordinating moieties.
  • Encapsulation of guests into compositionally and structurally equivalent coordination polymer nanoparticles via coordination and mechanical entrapment.
  • Characterization of nanoparticle properties and analysis of drug release kinetics.
  • Modeling of release processes considering degradation and diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Two types of coordination polymer nanoparticles were successfully prepared with distinct encapsulation strategies.
  • The nanoparticles exhibited remarkably different drug release kinetic profiles.
  • Release kinetics could be accurately modeled by considering degradation- and diffusion-controlled processes.
  • Selective tuning of drug delivery rates was achieved by varying the encapsulation method.

Conclusions:

  • The method of guest incorporation into coordination polymer nanoparticles significantly influences drug release kinetics.
  • This approach allows for the selective tuning of the rate of drug delivery.
  • The findings enable precise control over the therapeutic action window of encapsulated agents.
  • This study provides a foundation for designing advanced nanomedicines with tailored release profiles.