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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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High-throughput translational medicine: challenges and solutions.

Dinanath Sulakhe1, Sandhya Balasubramanian, Bingqing Xie

  • 1Computation Institute, University of Chicago/Argonne National Laboratory, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA, sulakhe@mcs.anl.gov.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Summary

Genomic data is growing rapidly, posing challenges for biomedical research. A new scalable computational platform integrates clinical, genomic, and experimental data for knowledge discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Technological advancements enable massive biological data generation (tera- and petabyte scales).
  • Extracting actionable knowledge from large, complex datasets is a significant challenge for the scientific community.
  • Integrating diverse data types (clinical, genomic, experimental) with existing knowledge bases is crucial for biomedical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges of high-throughput data management, scalable computational infrastructure, and large-scale multidimensional data analysis.
  • To present a scalable computational platform designed for data integration, management, and analysis.
  • To support end-to-end analytical needs of translational research projects.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a scalable computational platform.
  • Integration of clinical, genomic, and experimental data.
  • Implementation of data management and analysis capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The platform facilitates seamless integration of heterogeneous data sources.
  • It provides a scalable computational infrastructure for data analysis.
  • The system supports orderly, semi-automated extraction of knowledge from complex datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The presented platform effectively addresses key challenges in managing and analyzing large-scale biological data.
  • It enables efficient knowledge discovery for translational biomedical research.
  • The integrated approach supports diverse analytical pipelines and computational analyses.