[Vitamin D. A geriatric updated perspective]

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Nutritional Science
• Clinical Medicine

Context:

• Two-thirds of individuals over 65 have insufficient vitamin D levels (<30 ng/ml).
• Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in non-white populations, women, and those with obesity or diabetes.
• Low vitamin D is associated with increased mortality, osteoporosis, falls, fractures, frailty, and cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose:

• To provide an updated review on the relationship between aging, vitamin D status, and various clinical conditions.
• To survey the evidence linking low vitamin D to age-related diseases and functional decline.

Summary:

• Low serum vitamin D (<30 ng/ml) affects a significant majority of older adults, with nearly half experiencing deficiency (<20 ng/ml).
• This deficiency is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, including mortality, bone-related issues, cardiovascular disease, and potentially neurodegenerative conditions like dementia and Parkinson's disease.
• Vitamin D supplementation demonstrates clinical benefits, reducing risks, particularly in institutionalized elderly and those on specific medications, with effects being dose-dependent and a low risk of toxicity.

Impact:

• Highlights the critical role of vitamin D in maintaining health and function in the aging population.
• Informs clinical practice regarding vitamin D screening and supplementation strategies for older adults.
• Underscores the potential of vitamin D to mitigate risks associated with common age-related diseases and conditions.