Inflammation induced by perfluorocarbon liquid: intra- and postoperative use

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Surgical Innovation
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) are established tools in vitreoretinal surgery.
• Concerns exist regarding PFCL tamponade safety, including corneal toxicity, retinal infiltration, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of PFCLs as short-, medium-, and long-term tamponades in human vitreoretinal surgery.
• To assess the adverse effects associated with PFCL use in surgical settings.

Main Methods:

• Clinical studies analyzing human patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery with PFCL tamponades.
• Review of anatomical outcomes, functional results, and adverse event profiles.

Main Results:

• PFCL dispersion can lead to anterior chamber droplet migration and corneal endothelial damage.
• Long-term tamponade (>1 week) may cause foreign-body inflammatory reactions in up to 30% of cases, which resolve post-removal.
• Most clinical data indicate no significant retinal toxicity, such as visual acuity decline or macular changes, though limited ERG/histological data exist.

Conclusions:

• PFCLs are generally safe and effective for vitreoretinal surgery tamponade.
• Potential risks include corneal toxicity and transient inflammation, particularly with prolonged use.
• Adverse effects are typically reversible upon PFCL removal, supporting their continued clinical utility.