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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Evidence-based interventions for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Nancy J MacMullen, Laura A Dulski, Paul Blobaum

    Pediatric Nursing
    |October 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review identifies best nursing practices by analyzing literature and guidelines. Evidence supports traditional interventions, but higher-level research is needed for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

    Area of Science:

    • Nursing
    • Evidence-Based Practice

    Background:

    • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) management requires evidence-based nursing interventions.
    • Existing literature and guidelines provide a foundation for current practices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review and critically appraise literature and expert guidelines to determine best nursing practices.
    • To identify the level of evidence supporting current nursing interventions for NAS.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive search of keyword and literature databases.
    • Review of over 480 journal titles, selecting 24 articles and 3 expert guidelines.
    • Categorization of evidence based on established levels (e.g., Level IV, Level I-II).

    Main Results:

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    • Traditional supportive nursing interventions are supported by existing evidence.
    • The majority of reviewed evidence was Level IV (expert opinion/clinical experience).
    • Only a small fraction of studies (2 articles) were Level I-II (experimental studies).

    Conclusions:

    • Nursing best practice relies on diligent literature searches and expert guideline appraisal.
    • While traditional interventions are supported, higher levels of evidence are crucial for future NAS research.
    • Further high-quality research is recommended to advance nursing care for NAS.