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Multilayer-coated blazed grating with variable line spacing and a variable blaze angle.

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    Multilayer-coated blazed gratings (MBGs) show tunable blaze angles due to interface mismatches. This enables precise control for advanced x-ray gratings with variable line spacing and blaze angles.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • X-ray optics
    • Diffractive optics

    Background:

    • Multilayer-coated blazed gratings (MBGs) are crucial optical components.
    • Optimizing blazing conditions is essential for high diffraction efficiency.
    • Existing designs may have limitations in precise blaze angle control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the blazing ability of MBGs using rigorous electromagnetic simulations.
    • To explore the impact of multilayer interface mismatches on blaze angle.
    • To develop methods for precise control and tuning of blaze angles in advanced gratings.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical calculation of diffraction efficiency.
    • Rigorous electromagnetic simulation code.
    • Analysis of multilayer (ML) stack interfaces and d-spacing.

    Main Results:

    • The blazing condition for MBGs is not exact and allows deviation.
    • Interface mismatches modify the effective blaze angle.
    • Precise blaze angle tuning is achievable via ML d-spacing.
    • Development of x-ray gratings with variable line spacing (VLS) and variable blaze angle.
    • Laterally graded ML allows precise local blaze angle adjustment for high diffraction efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • MBGs offer opportunities for precise blaze angle control.
    • Interface engineering in ML stacks is key to tuning grating properties.
    • VLS MBGs with laterally graded MLs provide high diffraction efficiency across the entire grating area.