Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

1.0K
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
1.0K
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

779
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
779
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

933
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
933
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

644
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
644
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.4K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.4K
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

546
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
546

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do acoustic cues influence the McGurk effect-an audiovisual speech illusion?

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Regional topography of auditory and visual attention: An fMRI-based meta-analysis.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Does background color influence the perception of facial expression? Adjustment to neutral expression by Caucasian and Japanese participants.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

Attenuated processing of task-irrelevant speech and other auditory stimuli: fMRI evidence from arithmetic tasks.

The European journal of neuroscience·2024
Same author

Working memory related functional connectivity in adult ADHD and its amenability to training: A randomized controlled trial.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2024
Same author

Developmental dyslexia susceptibility genes DNAAF4, DCDC2, and NRSN1 are associated with brain function in fluently reading adolescents and young adults.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2024
Same journal

Error Cancellation During Early Task Performance.

Experimental psychology·2026
Same journal

Test Format Matching Moderates the Forward Testing Effect.

Experimental psychology·2026
Same journal

Affective-Motivational Task Content and Stimulus Size Modulate Cognitive Control in Task Switching.

Experimental psychology·2026
Same journal

The Effect of Violent Virtual Avatar Experience on Players' Response Inhibition to Angry Expressions and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms.

Experimental psychology·2026
Same journal

Same Person, Different Personality?

Experimental psychology·2026
Same journal

Competition Matters!

Experimental psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

3.0K

Audiovisual semantic congruency during encoding enhances memory performance.

Jenni Heikkilä1, Kimmo Alho2, Heidi Hyvönen1

  • 1Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, <location>Finland</location>

Experimental Psychology
|November 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisensory experiences enhance memory. When learning information, pairing it with semantically related content from another sense, like sound or visuals, improves later recall and recognition.

Keywords:
audiovisualmultisensoryrecognition memorysemantic congruency

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

17.4K
Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

3.0K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

17.4K
Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
04:47

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

Published on: September 18, 2018

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Human perception is inherently multisensory, integrating information from various senses.
  • Previous memory and learning studies often focused on single sensory modalities.
  • The impact of multisensory encoding on recognition memory requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of audiovisual encoding on subsequent unisensory recognition memory.
  • To determine if semantic congruence between simultaneously presented stimuli influences memory performance.
  • To examine how multisensory experiences impact the encoding of both verbal and nonverbal information.

Main Methods:

  • Participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli (sounds, pictures, spoken words, written words).
  • Each stimulus was encoded with a semantically congruent, incongruent, or neutral stimulus from the other modality.
  • Subsequent unisensory recognition memory performance was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Memory performance was significantly better when stimuli were encoded with semantically congruent cross-modal information compared to neutral stimuli.
  • Semantically congruent audiovisual encoding enhanced memory for both nonverbal (pictures, sounds) and verbal (spoken, written words) materials.
  • Incongruent stimuli did not show a significant difference in memory performance compared to neutral stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Semantically congruent multisensory experiences significantly enhance memory encoding.
  • This enhancement effect applies to both verbal and nonverbal information, improving later recognition memory.
  • Integrating information across senses, particularly with semantic relevance, is crucial for robust memory formation.