Recent progress and outstanding issues in motion correction in resting state fMRI.

Area of Science:

• Neuroimaging
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
• Signal Processing

Background:

• Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is sensitive to head motion.
• Since 2011, research has focused on motion artifact's impact on brain signal correlations.
• Head movements introduce structured noise, affecting data quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize recent findings on motion artifact in rs-fMRI.
• To identify easily overlooked aspects of motion artifact.
• To highlight knowledge gaps and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of published papers on motion artifact in rs-fMRI.
• Analysis of findings related to distance-dependent signal correlation changes.
• Identification of common and overlooked motion-related artifacts.

Main Results:

• Small head movements generate structured noise, causing distance-dependent signal correlation changes.
• Significant research has focused on motion correction methods since 2011.
• Several aspects of motion artifact remain under-examined.

Conclusions:

• Motion artifact is a critical confound in rs-fMRI data.
• Continued research is needed to refine motion correction techniques.
• Addressing overlooked motion artifact aspects is crucial for accurate rs-fMRI interpretation.