Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.8K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.8K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.8K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.8K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.4K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
4.4K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.1K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.9K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effect of a bundle intervention for ambulatory otorhinolaryngology procedures on same-day case cancellation rate and associated costs.

Anaesthesia·2024
Same author

Evaluation of the impact of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) initiated immediately after birth compared to KMC initiated after stabilization in newborns with birth weight 1.0 to < 1.8 kg on neurodevelopmental outcomes: Protocol for a follow-up study.

Trials·2023
Same author

The development and validation of the 'Good Life in the Community Scale' (GLiCS): a validation study with women migrants living in high income countries.

BMC public health·2022
Same author

Engaging medical physics students in active and authentic learning through the use of monte-carlo simulation and inverse treatment planning.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2022
Same author

MRI Shrimp Sign in Sarcoidosis-Associated Cerebellar Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

Mechanical and thermal behavior of hybrid composite medium density fiberboard reinforced with phenol formaldehyde.

Heliyon·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries
10:58

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Published on: September 6, 2012

10.9K

Dynamic optimization of a copolymerization reactor using tabu search.

P Anand1, M Bhagvanth Rao2, Ch Venkateswarlu3

  • 1Chemical Engineering Sciences Division Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007, India.

ISA Transactions
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new dynamic optimization strategy using tabu search (TS) effectively controls styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymerization. This method optimizes temperature and monomer addition for desired product quality in dynamic systems.

Keywords:
Dynamic optimizationIterative dynamic programmingPolymerizationSimulationTabu search

More Related Videos

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

17.0K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries
10:58

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Published on: September 6, 2012

10.9K
Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

17.0K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Polymer Science
  • Process Control

Background:

  • Semi-batch copolymerization reactors require precise control for product quality.
  • Dynamic optimization is crucial for managing transient processes.
  • Meta-heuristic algorithms offer advanced solutions for complex optimization problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel multistage dynamic optimization strategy using tabu search (TS).
  • To apply the TS strategy to a semi-batch styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymerization reactor.
  • To compare the TS strategy with conventional iterative dynamic programming (IDP).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multistage dynamic optimization strategy based on tabu search (TS).
  • Implementation of TS through sequential and simultaneous procedures.
  • Optimization of temperature and monomer addition rate for product quality objectives.
  • Comparison with iterative dynamic programming (IDP).

Main Results:

  • The TS-based strategies achieved optimal control policies for temperature and monomer addition.
  • Both sequential and simultaneous TS implementations demonstrated effectiveness.
  • Simulation results showed TS is useful for optimizing transient dynamic systems.
  • TS performance was comparable or superior to IDP.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed TS dynamic optimization strategy is effective for controlling SAN copolymerization.
  • TS offers adaptive memory and responsive exploration for complex control problems.
  • The strategy is valuable for optimizing transient dynamic systems in chemical processes.