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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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[Pemetrexed nephrotoxicity].

Hassan Izzedine1

  • 1Clinique internationale du parc Monceau, service de néphrologie, 21, rue de Chazelles, 75017 Paris, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|February 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pemetrexed, a chemotherapy drug, can cause kidney damage in some long-term patients. This review highlights the emerging renal toxicity associated with this important cancer treatment.

Keywords:
AntifolateDiabète insipide néphrogéniqueInsuffisance rénaleNephrogenic diabetes insipidusPemetrexedRenal failure

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology

Context:

  • Pemetrexed is a widely used antifolate chemotherapy agent.
  • It is a key treatment for non-small cell lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma.
  • Its use is increasing in various treatment settings.

Purpose:

  • To review the progressive and cumulative renal toxicity of pemetrexed.
  • To identify the incidence of pemetrexed-induced kidney damage in long-term patients.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding pemetrexed's side effect profile.

Summary:

  • Pemetrexed, a multitargeted antifolate, is crucial in treating lung cancer and mesothelioma.
  • While effective, it can lead to myelosuppression, managed with folinic acid.
  • A significant concern is the emerging progressive renal toxicity in 5-10% of long-term users.

Impact:

  • Highlights a critical, often overlooked, side effect of pemetrexed.
  • Emphasizes the need for monitoring renal function in patients receiving long-term pemetrexed therapy.
  • Informs oncologists and nephrologists about potential pemetrexed-related kidney complications.