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Updated: Mar 30, 2026
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Published on: January 10, 2013
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia
Jayme S Knutson1, Michael J Fu2, Lynne R Sheffler1
1MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, MetroHealth System, 4229 Pearl Road, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland 44106, OH, USA; Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Abstract:
This article reviews the most common therapeutic and neuroprosthetic applications of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for upper and lower extremity stroke rehabilitation. Fundamental NMES principles and purposes in stroke rehabilitation are explained. NMES modalities used for upper and lower limb rehabilitation are described, and efficacy studies are summarized. The evidence for peripheral and central mechanisms of action is also summarized.
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