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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation
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Responsive Direct Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy.

Martha J Morrell1, Casey Halpern2

  • 1NeuroPace, Inc, 455 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|November 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Responsive focal brain stimulation offers a new treatment for epilepsy. The RNS® System detects and stimulates seizure foci, significantly reducing seizures with no negative impact on cognition or mood.

Keywords:
Closed-loopElectrocorticogramEpilepsyIntracranialIntractableNeurostimulatorResponsiveStimulation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Refractory partial onset seizures pose challenges for patients unsuitable for epilepsy surgery.
  • Existing treatments may have limitations or significant side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a closed-loop, responsive focal brain stimulation system for epilepsy.
  • To assess long-term seizure reduction and impact on cognitive and mood functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the first responsive brain neurostimulator (RNS® System, NeuroPace).
  • System provided direct stimulation to the seizure focus upon detection of abnormal electrocorticography.
  • Monitored seizure frequency, cognition, and mood over several years.

Main Results:

  • Seizure reductions increased from 44% at one year to 60-66% by years 3-6.
  • No adverse effects on cognition or mood were observed.
  • Therapeutic stimulation was not perceived by patients, and risks were comparable to other implanted devices.

Conclusions:

  • Closed-loop, responsive focal brain stimulation is an effective treatment for refractory partial onset seizures.
  • The RNS® System offers sustained seizure control without compromising cognitive or mood status.
  • This technology presents a viable alternative for patients ineligible for epilepsy surgery.