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Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...

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[BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF INTERNEURONES OF SPINAL CORD IN THE EXPERIMENTAL MENOPAUSE IN FEMAL RATS].

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Summary

Experimental menopause alters spinal cord nerve structures, affecting signal transmission and potentially impacting neurological function. Estrogen deficiency leads to significant changes in the posterior horn of the spinal cord.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Endocrinology
Spinal Cord Physiology

Context:

Experimental menopause models are crucial for understanding estrogen's role in the nervous system.
Estrogen deficiency is linked to various neurological dysfunctions.
The dorsal surface of the spinal cord (PDS SC) plays a key role in sensory processing.

Purpose:

To investigate the amplitude-time characteristics of PDS SC components in experimental menopause.
To quantify changes in excitation threshold and latent period.
To analyze alterations in PDS SC component amplitudes and responses to paired pulse stimulation.

Summary:

Experimental menopause increased excitation threshold and latent period in PDS SC.
Supramaximal stimulation revealed significant amplitude growth in N1, N2, N3, and P-wave components.
Paired pulse stimulation showed altered N1 component responses, with facilitation at 2-3 ms and depression at 6-30 ms.

Impact:

Findings indicate significant changes in posterior horn spinal cord nerve structures due to estrogen deficiency.
Suggests potential mechanisms for neurological symptoms associated with menopause.
Highlights the neuroprotective role of estrogen in spinal cord function.