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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Vapor Pressure02:34

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer02:57

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Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
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EFFECT OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE DONOR ON INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN RATS.

L N Mikheytseva, T I Siroshtanenko

    Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994)
    |September 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) lowers intraocular pressure (IOP), particularly in hypertensive eyes. Long-term H2S administration prevented IOP elevation, suggesting H2S regulates eye hydrodynamics and IOP.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Physiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation is crucial for ocular health.
    • Ocular hypertension is a risk factor for glaucoma.
    • The role of endogenous signaling molecules in IOP control is an active area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a hydrogen sulfide donor, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of NaHS in preventing or reducing IOP elevation during experimentally induced ocular hypertension.

    Main Methods:

    • A 1% sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) solution was administered as eye drops.
    • Intraocular pressure was measured in intact rats and in rats with experimentally induced ocular hypertension (using adrenaline).
    • Both single and prolonged administrations of NaHS were studied.

    Main Results:

    • A single topical application of NaHS induced a hypotensive effect on IOP.
    • This hypotensive effect was more pronounced in eyes with experimentally induced ocular hypertension compared to normotensive eyes.
    • Long-term administration of NaHS largely prevented the rise in IOP during adrenaline-induced ocular hypertension.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydrogen sulfide plays a role in the regulation of eye hydrodynamics.
    • Hydrogen sulfide contributes to maintaining normal intraocular pressure levels.
    • NaHS demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for managing ocular hypertension.