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Area of Science:

  • Otoacoustic Emissions Research
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) are sounds generated by cochlear outer hair cells in response to acoustic stimuli.
  • Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are widely used clinically and are present in 98% of individuals with normal hearing.
  • Individual TEOAE waveforms are typically similar between both ears.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare TEOAE magnitudes between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.
  • To examine TEOAE occurrence and characteristics in individuals with and without audiometrically confirmed hearing loss.
  • To investigate the influence of smoking on cochlear function.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers aged 30-59 years.
  • Measurement of TEOAEs using Madsen Capella's OAE/middle ear analyzer.
  • Pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed on all subjects post-OAE testing.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in TEOAE amplitude was observed in 76.6% of smokers compared to 3.33% of nonsmokers.
  • Altered audiograms were found in 6.7% of smokers versus 3.33% of nonsmokers.
  • Smoking demonstrated a notable influence on hearing function, particularly affecting the cochlear apparatus.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking significantly affects hearing function and the cochlear apparatus.
  • TEOAEs serve as a sensitive method for the early detection of hearing loss.
  • TEOAEs can identify hearing impairment before subjective complaints or audiogram alterations are evident.