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STUTTERING: INITIATING FACTORS, EVOLUTION, HEALING PERSPECTIVES.

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This paper explores stuttering, a speech disorder caused by involuntary muscle contractions affecting speech rhythm. Comprehensive treatment involving medical, pedagogical, and psychological approaches is crucial for recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Stuttering is a prevalent speech disorder with limited scientific literature in Georgia.
  • The phenomenon involves distortions in speech rate and rhythm due to involuntary muscle contractions.
  • It can be congenital or acquired, influenced by various biological and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To collate existing views on stuttering.
  • To differentiate between neurotic and neurotic-like stuttering types.
  • To emphasize the need for a comprehensive, multi-faceted treatment approach.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and collation of existing knowledge on stuttering.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, including congenital and acquired causes.
  • Categorization of stuttering into neurotic and neurotic-like subtypes based on underlying factors.

Main Results:

  • Stuttering is characterized by physical (muscle twitches) and psychological (phobias) symptoms.
  • Key provoking factors include complicated pregnancy/delivery, severe illnesses, speech delay, and social conflicts.
  • Neurotic stuttering is linked to psychological disorders, while neurotic-like stuttering has less clear causal links.

Conclusions:

  • Effective stuttering treatment requires integrated pedagogical, medical, and psychological interventions.
  • Therapy should address the whole organism, particularly the nervous system, and improve lifestyle.
  • Speech recovery involves establishing proper voice, articulation, and respiratory functions, alongside mental health support and a positive social environment.