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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Harnessing the Power of MicroRNA Cargoes in Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Fresh-Frozen Human Brain Sections
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Neurovesicles in Brain Development.

Mary C Morton1, David M Feliciano2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0314, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|March 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles mediate brain connectivity before neural circuits form. These vesicles shuttle molecules, aiding brain development and cell communication.

Keywords:
ExosomeExtracellular vesicleMicrovesicleNanovesicleNeural stem cellNeurovesicle

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Brain connectivity forms via extracellular signals before functional neural circuits develop.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential mediators of this early brain connectivity.
  • The precise roles of EVs in brain development are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existence, content, and functions of extracellular vesicles in brain development.
  • To highlight the role of EVs in mediating early cell-to-cell communication in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on extracellular vesicles in brain development.
  • Analysis of existing evidence regarding EV content (RNA, proteins, lipids).
  • Synthesis of findings on the physiological functions of EVs in the developing brain.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles are abundant during brain development.
  • EVs transport crucial molecules like RNA, proteins, and lipids between developing brain cells.
  • Emerging evidence supports EVs' role in establishing early neural connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are key players in mediating brain connectivity during early development.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the physiological functions of EVs in the developing brain.
  • Understanding EV function is critical for comprehending neural circuit formation.