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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Gametogenesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Mitinori Saitou1, Hidetaka Miyauchi2

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; JST, ERATO, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.

Cell Stem Cell
|June 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are recreating human gametogenesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This research advances understanding of germ cell development and infertility, paving the way for future applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • The germ cell lineage is crucial for reproduction, developing into sperm and oocytes.
  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a model to study early development.
  • Recapitulating gametogenesis from PSCs holds potential for understanding infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in deriving gametes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
  • To discuss foundational studies and the current state of human gametogenesis research.
  • To identify challenges in achieving full gamete reconstitution from hPSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of groundbreaking studies on germ cell development.
  • Analysis of research utilizing mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Consideration of non-human primate models for gametogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in recapitulating developmental pathways using PSCs.
  • Human gametogenesis from PSCs is a feasible, though challenging, future goal.
  • This research provides a foundation for understanding human germ cell development.

Conclusions:

  • Deriving gametes from hPSCs is a rapidly advancing field.
  • Further research, including non-human primate studies, is needed for full reconstitution.
  • This work has profound implications for understanding human infertility and development.