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Related Experiment Video

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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

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Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome.

D J Greene^1,2, A C Williams Iii³, J M Koller¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.

Molecular Psychiatry

|October 26, 2016

Summary

This study found significant brain structure differences in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Individuals with TS showed altered white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) volumes in key brain regions.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuroimaging
Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

Previous research on brain structure in Tourette Syndrome (TS) yielded inconsistent findings, often limited by small sample sizes.
Understanding neuroanatomical differences is crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of TS.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate structural brain differences in a large cohort of children and adolescents with TS compared to neurotypical controls.
To identify specific gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations associated with TS.

Main Methods:

Utilized structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a multicenter study.
Employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare GM and WM volumes between 103 children/adolescents with TS and 103 matched controls.
Controlled for potential confounders including MRI scanner, age, sex, and total brain volume.

Main Results:

The TS group exhibited reduced WM volume in the bilateral orbital and medial prefrontal cortex.
Increased GM volume was observed in the posterior thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain in individuals with TS.
These findings provide evidence for abnormal brain structure in pediatric TS.

Conclusions:

Structural MRI reveals distinct patterns of gray and white matter abnormalities in children and adolescents with Tourette Syndrome.
Identified brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain, represent potential targets for future research into TS mechanisms.
Observed structural alterations may underlie cognitive and behavioral differences seen in TS, such as impaired decision-making.