Paper-based maskless enzymatic sensor for glucose determination combining ink and wire electrodes.

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Biosensor Technology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Amperometric enzymatic biosensors offer sensitive detection methods.
• Paper-based platforms provide a low-cost and disposable alternative for diagnostics.
• Integrating mixed electrode configurations can enhance biosensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a cost-effective, paper-based amperometric enzymatic biosensor for glucose determination.
• To utilize a mixed electrode configuration with carbon ink and metal wires for improved functionality.
• To validate the biosensor's performance for glucose quantification in real-world samples.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a paper-based working electrode using carbon ink and a mixed electrode system with metal wires for reference and auxiliary electrodes.
• Immobilization of an enzyme cocktail (glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, potassium ferrocyanide) on the paper substrate.
• Chronoamperometric measurement of ferricyanide reduction current, correlated to glucose concentration.

Main Results:

• The paper-based biosensor achieved a linear range for glucose detection between 0.3 and 15 mM.
• Optimization of bioassay parameters was performed using a hybrid paper-screen-printed carbon electrode system.
• Successful quantification of glucose in real food samples was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

• The developed paper-based amperometric enzymatic biosensor is a viable, low-cost tool for glucose monitoring.
• The mixed electrode configuration and paper platform offer advantages for portable and disposable sensing applications.
• This technology holds potential for point-of-care diagnostics and food analysis.