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Menopause, Estrogens, and Glucose Homeostasis in Women
1Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. fmauvais@tulane.edu.
Abstract:
Randomized trials suggest that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevents type 2 diabetes. Still, the mechanisms of these antidiabetic effects are a matter of controversy. This chapter provides an analysis of epidemiological and clinical evidence and proposes a mechanism for the effect of menopause and MHT on type 2 diabetes development and prevention. It discusses the beneficial role of estradiol on glucose homeostasis that is lost at menopause and improved by MHT, which delays type 2 diabetes. This chapter aims to reconcile differences among studies of the effect of menopause and MHT formulations on type 2 diabetes and argues that discrepancies arise from physiological differences in methods used to assess glucose homeostasis.
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