X-ray Fourier transform holography by amplitude-division-type Fresnel zone plate interferometer

Area of Science:

• * Optics and Photonics
• * X-ray Imaging and Microscopy
• * Holography

Background:

• * Traditional holography methods face limitations in resolution and sample damage with X-ray sources.
• * Fourier transform holography offers a pathway to high-resolution imaging but requires precise wave manipulation.
• * X-ray Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are advanced diffractive optics capable of focusing X-rays.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To demonstrate a novel two-block X-ray Fresnel zone plate system for Fourier transform holography.
• * To analyze the feasibility of recording holograms and reconstructing object images using this system.
• * To explore the application of this technique for imaging both 1D and 2D objects.

Main Methods:

• * A two-block X-ray Fresnel zone plate system was designed to generate a plane wave and a spherical wave.
• * These two beams were made to interfere, with the object wave originating from the plane wave and the reference wave from the spherical wave.
• * The recorded intensity distribution was analyzed as a Fourier transform hologram, with analytical and numerical calculations performed.

Main Results:

• * The system successfully generated interfering plane and spherical X-ray waves.
• * The recorded intensity distribution was confirmed to be the Fourier transform hologram of the object.
• * Holograms of a 1D cosine-like grating and a 2D grid object were recorded and their images successfully reconstructed.

Conclusions:

• * The developed two-block X-ray Fresnel zone plate system is a viable method for Fourier transform holography.
• * This technique enables the recording and reconstruction of object images using X-ray interference.
• * The system shows potential for imaging micro- and nano-scale structures with high fidelity.