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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy Production and Fluctuation Theorems for Active Matter.

Dibyendu Mandal1, Katherine Klymko2, Michael R DeWeese1,3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 6, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study extends stochastic thermodynamics to active matter, providing new definitions for thermodynamic quantities and a generalized Clausius inequality applicable to non-equilibrium systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Active Matter Physics

Background:

  • Active biological systems operate far from equilibrium, unlike conventional systems.
  • Standard thermodynamic frameworks do not fully capture the dynamics of active matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend stochastic thermodynamics to active matter.
  • To define thermodynamic quantities for active systems at the trajectory level.
  • To develop a generalized Clausius inequality for active matter.

Main Methods:

  • Applied stochastic thermodynamics to the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model.
  • Derived definitions for work, energy, heat, entropy, and entropy production.
  • Developed a generalized Clausius inequality for non-Hamiltonian dynamics.
  • Utilized explicit numerical studies for illustration.

Main Results:

  • Provided consistent definitions of key thermodynamic quantities for active matter trajectories.
  • Derived fluctuation relations for active systems.
  • Established a generalized Clausius inequality valid for active matter dynamics.
  • Numerical studies confirmed theoretical findings.

Conclusions:

  • The framework of stochastic thermodynamics can be successfully extended to active matter.
  • New thermodynamic definitions and inequalities are crucial for understanding non-equilibrium active systems.
  • This work provides a foundation for further research into the thermodynamics of active systems.