Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

92.1K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
92.1K
Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

6.5K
While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
6.5K
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

1.0K
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
1.0K
Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

14.1K
Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
14.1K
Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

15.5K
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
15.5K
Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

9.9K
True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spectral weighting of interaural time differences near the low-frequency dominant region in young and middle-aged adults.

JASA express letters·2026
Same author

At-Home Auditory Assessment Using Portable Automated Rapid Testing (PART) to Understand Self-Reported Hearing Difficulties.

Trends in hearing·2025
Same author

Effects of Gamification on Performance and Subjective Listening Effort on a Spatial Release From Masking Task.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same author

Effects of reverberation and binaural sensitivity on spatial release from masking.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

The role of talker sex and physical dimensions in horizontal speech directivity.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Remote Microphones Support Speech Recognition in Noise and Reverberation for Children With a Language Disorder.

Language, speech, and hearing services in schools·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

9.6K

Temporal weighting functions for interaural time and level differences. V. Modulated noise carriers.

G Christopher Stecker1

  • 1Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sound onset cues are crucial for spatial hearing, especially with periodic sounds. This study shows that temporal regularity significantly impacts how we use these cues for sound localization.

More Related Videos

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.6K
Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

9.6K
Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
12:09

Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 5, 2014

18.6K
Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
07:15

Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation

Published on: January 16, 2019

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Spatial hearing relies on binaural cues like interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs).
  • The influence of sound onset versus ongoing temporal information on spatial judgments varies with sound type (periodic vs. aperiodic).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify sound onset dominance in spatial judgments as a function of stimulus bandwidth and temporal regularity.
  • To investigate the role of temporal weighting functions (TWFs) in the lateralization of periodic and aperiodic noise bursts.
  • To examine how envelope fluctuations influence binaural information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Measured temporal weighting functions (TWFs) using multiple regression analysis of lateralization judgments.
  • Utilized trains of 16 noise bursts with varying repetition intervals (2 or 5 ms).
  • Manipulated stimulus regularity by refreshing noise tokens on each burst (aperiodic) or repeating them (periodic).

Main Results:

  • Strong onset dominance was observed for periodic noise bursts, which significantly decreased for aperiodic noise bursts.
  • Temporal regularity of stimuli critically affects the weighting of onset cues in spatial perception.
  • Sinusoidally amplitude-modulated noise bursts showed greater weight on early bursts within the rising envelope slope.

Conclusions:

  • Envelope fluctuations are key drivers for accessing binaural information in both periodic and aperiodic auditory stimuli.
  • The temporal structure of sound profoundly influences the reliance on onset versus ongoing cues for sound localization.
  • Understanding temporal weighting functions is essential for characterizing auditory spatial perception mechanisms.