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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

3.1K
High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
3.1K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

72.2K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
72.2K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.0K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.0K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.1K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.1K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

1.6K
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Developing High-Performance Lithium Metal Anode in Liquid Electrolytes: Challenges and Progress.

Sa Li1,2, Mengwen Jiang1,2, Yong Xie1,2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium metal anodes offer high energy density but face safety issues. Strategies like solid electrolyte interphase engineering and 3D frameworks are improving lithium metal battery stability and lifespan.

Keywords:
SEI fractureSand's extinctiondendrite growth modedonatable fluorine concentrationlithium metal protection

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium metal anodes are crucial for next-generation batteries due to high capacity and low redox potential.
  • Safety concerns, including lithium metal morphological instabilities (LMI) and dead lithium formation, hinder commercialization.
  • Liquid electrolyte consumption and lithium loss shorten battery life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of fundamental understandings of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
  • To present conceptual models and advanced characterization techniques for LMI.
  • To summarize strategies for protecting lithium metal anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental SEI formation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of conceptual models for LMI.
  • Summarization of advanced real-time characterization techniques.
  • Compilation of protection strategies for lithium metal anodes.

Main Results:

  • Detailed understanding of SEI formation and LMI.
  • Strategies discussed include enriching LiF in SEI, increasing salt concentration, using sacrificial additives, artificial SEI, and 3D electrode frameworks.
  • These strategies aim to enhance stability, reduce current density, and prolong cycle life.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in protecting lithium metal anodes.
  • Strategies focus on improving SEI properties and electrode architecture.
  • Challenges remain in competing with established graphite and silicon anodes.