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Updated: Feb 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Macrophage-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Salivary Gland Regeneration After Injury
Published on: November 17, 2023
Routine and Advanced Diffusion Imaging Modules of the Salivary Glands
Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek1
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mansoura University, Elgomheryia Street, Mansoura 35512, Egypt.
Abstract:
This article reviews the role of routine and advanced diffusion imaging modules of the salivary glands. Routine and advanced diffusion imaging modules have a role in differentiation of malignant from benign salivary gland tumors, characterization of some benign salivary gland tumors, and staging of salivary gland cancer. The role of advanced diffusion modules in patients with salivary gland cancer after surgery, radiation therapy, or radioiodine therapy is discussed. Advanced diffusion imaging modules can help in diagnosis and staging of Sjögren syndrome.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

