Conceptualization and Operationalization of Certification in the US and Canadian Nursing Literature

Kathy Chappell¹, Rima ElChamaa, Dahn Jeong+9

• ¹Authors Affiliations: Senior Vice President (Dr Chappell), Accreditation, Certification, and Measurement, and Director (Dr Lundmark), Institute for Credentialing Research, American Nurses Credentialing Center, Silver Spring, Maryland; Research Associates (Mss ElChamaa and Jeong and Dr Danilovich), Professor (Dr Kitto), Department of Innovation in Medical Education and Office of Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Adjunct Assistant Professor (Dr Gallagher), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio School of Nursing; Associate Professor (Dr Salt), University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington; Professor (Dr Reeves), Center for Health and Social Research, Faculty of Health, Social Care, and Education, Kingston University & St George's University, London, England; Associate Professor (Dr Van Hoof), School of Nursing and school of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Mansfield; Director (Dr Moore), Division of Continuing Medical Education and Medical Education and Administration, and Director, Evaluation and Education, Office of Graduate Medical Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Assistant Professor, (Dr Olson), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.