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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.4K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.4K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.5K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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Semi-solid and solid frustrated Lewis pair catalysts.

Yuanyuan Ma1, Sai Zhang, Chun-Ran Chang

  • 1Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. yongquan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|May 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterogeneous frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalysts offer metal-free activation of small molecules for diverse synthetic applications. This review highlights advances in solid-state FLP catalysts and strategies for creating active interfacial sites.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Homogeneous frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are effective metal-free catalysts for small molecule activation and organic synthesis.
  • FLPs show promise in activating molecules like H2, CO, and CO2 for reactions such as hydrogenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in heterogeneous FLP catalysts.
  • To discuss strategies for designing tailorable interfacial FLP-like active sites on solid supports.
  • To explore the potential of these catalysts in synthetic chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on homogeneous and heterogeneous FLP catalysts.
  • Analysis of strategies for constructing interfacial FLP active sites.
  • Discussion of applications in organic synthesis, radical chemistry, and polymerization.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of heterogeneous FLP catalysts (semi-solid and all-solid) as a significant field.
  • Development of methods to create tunable FLP-like active sites on solid materials.
  • Demonstration of FLPs' utility in hydrogenating unsaturated substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous FLP catalysts represent a promising evolution from homogeneous systems.
  • Tailoring interfacial active sites is key to advancing solid-state FLP catalysis.
  • Further development is needed to fully realize the potential of these catalysts in synthetic chemistry.