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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Deterministic Remote Entanglement of Superconducting Circuits through Microwave Two-Photon Transitions.

P Campagne-Ibarcq1, E Zalys-Geller1, A Narla1

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Researchers demonstrate deterministic entanglement of two remote transmon qubits using a traveling photon. This achievement is crucial for building large-scale quantum networks by enabling entanglement between distant quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Networking
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Large-scale quantum networks require entanglement of distant systems.
  • Entanglement is achieved via entangling gates between stationary and flying qubits.
  • Flying qubits act as quantum buses for remote entanglement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deterministically entangle two remote transmon qubits.
  • To establish a method for creating entanglement in quantum information processing networks.
  • To investigate the fidelity of remote entanglement using photon-mediated interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Raman stimulated emission and absorption.
  • Employing a traveling photon wave packet as a quantum bus.
  • Performing entangling gates between two remote transmon qubits.

Main Results:

  • Achieved deterministic entanglement of two remote transmon qubits.
  • Obtained a Bell state fidelity of 73%.
  • Identified transmission line losses and qubit decoherence as primary factors limiting fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a viable method for remote quantum entanglement.
  • The technique is a key step towards scalable quantum information processing networks.
  • Further improvements in coherence and loss reduction are necessary for higher fidelities.