Assessing and Mitigating the Hazard Potential of Two-Dimensional Materials.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique properties for diverse technological applications.
• Assessing the human health and environmental impacts of 2D materials is crucial for their widespread adoption.
• Research on the toxicity and environmental fate of 2D materials, particularly post-carbon types, is still emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the toxicity and environmental fate of post-carbon 2D materials.
• To correlate material properties and preparation methods with potential hazards.
• To outline a framework for streamlined hazard assessment of novel 2D materials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorus.
• Analysis of structure-property relationships influencing 2D material toxicity.
• Examination of experimental design critical for toxicological mechanism elucidation.

Main Results:

• The hazard potential of 2D materials is intrinsically linked to their structural parameters and physicochemical properties.
• Preparation methods and surface functionalization significantly influence the toxicity and environmental behavior.
• Accurate toxicological assessments depend on rigorous experimental design.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of 2D material properties is essential for predicting and mitigating risks.
• A multidisciplinary approach is needed to efficiently assess the safety of new 2D materials.
• Streamlined hazard assessment will accelerate the safe integration of 2D materials into technology.