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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Stimulated echo based mapping (STEM) of T1 , T2 , and apparent diffusion coefficient: validation and protocol

Yuxin Zhang1,2, Shane A Wells2, Diego Hernando1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new MRI method called stimulated-echo based mapping (STEM) for simultaneously measuring T1, T2, and ADC values. STEM accurately characterizes tissues, including differentiating prostate cancer from healthy tissue.

Keywords:
multi-parametric mappingquantitative diffusionrelaxometrystimulated-echo DWI

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Quantitative Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate multi-parametric tissue characterization is crucial for clinical diagnosis and research.
  • Current MRI techniques may have limitations in simultaneously acquiring T1, T2, and ADC maps efficiently.
  • Developing novel MRI methods can improve diagnostic capabilities and streamline imaging protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a stimulated-echo based mapping (STEM) approach for simultaneous T1, T2, and ADC quantification.
  • To assess the accuracy and efficiency of the STEM method in phantoms and in vivo.
  • To demonstrate the potential of STEM for differentiating cancerous from healthy tissues, specifically in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted stimulated-echo images were acquired with varied mixing time (TM), echo time (TE), and b-value.
  • The STEM method involved dense sampling of the TM-TE-b space in phantoms and in healthy volunteers (brain and prostate).
  • Protocol optimization was performed for rapid STEM acquisition (under 2 minutes) via sparse sampling, with comparisons to densely sampled STEM and reference methods.

Main Results:

  • Densely sampled STEM demonstrated accurate T1, T2, and ADC mapping in phantoms, brain, and prostate compared to reference methods.
  • Optimized rapid STEM acquisitions showed close agreement with densely sampled STEM for T1, T2, and ADC measurements.
  • STEM imaging revealed decreased T2 and ADC values in prostate cancer compared to healthy prostate tissue.

Conclusions:

  • STEM enables accurate and simultaneous quantitative mapping of T1, T2, and ADC.
  • The optimized rapid STEM protocol allows for efficient multi-parametric tissue characterization.
  • STEM holds promise for advancing clinical and research applications requiring rapid and precise tissue analysis.