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Sex Differences in Epidemiology of Cardiac and Vascular Disease

Tatiana Kuznetsova1

  • 1Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. tatiana.kouznetsova@med.kuleuven.be.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally, with higher mortality rates in men. However, women face significant risks, and sex differences impact CVD presentation and prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Sex and Gender in Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Despite declining rates, CVD significantly impacts both men and women.
  • Age-adjusted CVD mortality and morbidity are higher in men, but women's risk is substantial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent epidemiological data on sex discrepancies in CVD.
  • To highlight differences in CVD prevalence and burden between sexes.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding sex-specific CVD manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epidemiological data on cardiovascular disease.
  • Examination of sex-based differences in CVD prevalence and burden.
  • Review of clinical presentation and manifestation variations.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity rates are generally higher in men.
  • Women face significant, often underestimated, risks of preventable heart disease and stroke.
  • Substantial sex differences exist in the initial symptoms and clinical presentation of CVD.

Conclusions:

  • While men exhibit higher overall CVD rates, women's risk is considerable and requires attention.
  • Understanding sex-specific differences in CVD is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into epidemiological data can elucidate sex-based disparities in cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCoronary heart diseaseMicrocirculatory dysfunctionMisdiagnosisMorbidityMortalityPeripheral arterial diseaseRisk profileSex differencesStroke

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