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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Optical fiber networks are crucial for urban communication infrastructures.
    • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretical security for data transmission.
    • Increasing channel bandwidth is essential for advanced QKD protocols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the use of the transverse spatial degree of freedom for high-dimensional QKD.
    • To demonstrate a method for increasing channel bandwidth in optical fiber communication.
    • To investigate multiplexing schemes for quantum key distribution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized vortex fibers to encode quantum information using spatial modes.
    • Structured photons by manipulating spin and orbital angular momentum.
    • Implemented a proof-of-principle experiment for QKD multiplexing.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the use of two-dimensional structured photons in vortex fibers.
    • Showcased the transverse spatial modes as an additional quantum information channel.
    • Achieved multiplexing of quantum information alongside polarization encryption.

    Conclusions:

    • Vortex fibers can enhance QKD by utilizing spatial modes for multiplexing.
    • This approach increases channel bandwidth and supports high-dimensional QKD.
    • Paves the way for more efficient and secure quantum communication networks.