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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Automotive Engineering
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • The automotive industry is integrating advanced in-vehicle technologies, particularly augmented reality (AR) graphics via head-up displays (HUDs).
    • While AR HUDs show promise for enhancing driver awareness and response times, they introduce new perceptual and sensory challenges.
    • The development of 3D HUD systems delivering volumetric spatial information adds further design complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of fixed versus animated AR HUD interface designs on driver performance and visual attention.
    • To explore how different cognitive processing demands (top-down and bottom-up) interact with AR HUD design.
    • To provide design recommendations for AR HUDs in automotive applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted two user studies involving driving scenarios.
    • Compared driver performance and visual attention with fixed and animated AR HUD interface designs.
    • Analyzed results based on cognitive processing requirements.

    Main Results:

    • Animated AR HUD designs showed improvements in specific tasks, such as goal-directed navigation.
    • However, animated designs also led to decreased response times and reduced driving distances.
    • The study identified trade-offs between different AR HUD design approaches.

    Conclusions:

    • Animated AR HUD designs can offer benefits but require careful consideration of potential drawbacks on driver performance.
    • Design recommendations are provided, challenging existing assumptions about world-fixed conformal graphics.
    • Further research is needed to optimize AR HUD parameters for safe and effective driver interaction.