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Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

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Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

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Acute Biliary Disease.

Ann Yih-Ann Chung¹, Meredith Colleen Duke¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 4035 Burnett-Womack, Campus Box 7081, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7081, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|September 24, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews acute biliary disease, a common surgical emergency. It covers diagnosis and management of conditions like gallstones, cholecystitis, and cholangitis, including complex cases.

Keywords:

Acute care surgery Biliary Cholecystectomy Cholecystitis Choledocholithiasis Cholelithiasis Emergency surgery Gallstone pancreatitis

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Area of Science:

Surgical Gastroenterology
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Acute biliary disease is a frequent surgical emergency.
General surgeons require expertise in managing these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the work-up, diagnosis, and management of acute biliary pathologies.
To cover common and complex presentations of biliary disease.

Main Methods:

Review of common and rare acute biliary disease presentations.
Discussion of diagnostic and management strategies.

Main Results:

Comprehensive overview of biliary disease pathologies.
Inclusion of challenging scenarios like pregnancy and bariatric anatomy.

Conclusions:

Effective management of acute biliary disease requires broad knowledge.
Preparedness for diverse patient presentations is crucial for surgeons.